School Mechanisms and Socialization of Student Leaders in Conflict Mediation in Lugari Sub County, Kakamega County, Kenya

Abstract

The global educational landscape has shifted towards Competency-Based Education (CBE), emphasizing the practical application of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values in real-world contexts. This shift intersects with the context of Kenyan secondary schools, particularly in the realm of conflict resolution, where student council leaders play a pivotal role. While many nations have implemented policies to support these leaders in conflict management, relying solely on policies has proven insufficient, resulting in persistent unrest within schools. This paper advocates for an enhanced approach to the socialization of school council leaders, focusing on equipping them with effective conflict resolution mechanisms and communication strategies. The purpose of this research was to assess the school mechanisms in socialization of school council leaders on conflict resolution. The objectives of the study were to find out the school mechanisms which enhance the socialization of school council leaders in conflict resolution and evaluate the status of these mechanisms in promoting resolution of conflicts in secondary schools. The research was guided by the social change and conflict theory. It was descriptive research adopting a mixed methods research approach. The research was carried out in secondary schools in Lugari Sub-County. The target population for this study consisted of school council leaders, guiding and counseling teachers and principals of the sampled schools. A total of 180 students were selected through purposive sampling. Simple random sampling was used to identify respondents in every class. Ten guiding and counseling teachers and ten principals participated in the study. Data was collected using questionnaires and semi structured interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed and presented in percentages while qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study found out that majority of the school council leaders, guiding and counseling teachers and principals were in agreement that socialization of school council leaders in mechanisms like communication on arbitration, mediation, special training on conflict resolution with fellow students promotes conflict resolution in secondary schools. Most secondary schools were applying school mechanisms to promote a peaceful learning environment where the school council leaders could tackle most of the conflicts that arise. The final report will provide information that will help educationists in alleviating the negative effects of conflict and student unrest in education sectors and socialization of school council leaders on conflict resolution methods in schools. Research has revealed significant challenges faced by these leaders, particularly in instances of arson and property damage, highlighting the critical necessity to bolster their communication and problem-solving competencies. Insufficient skills in managing conflicts can exacerbate unrest, thereby impeding the overall learning environment. Therefore, it is imperative to establish institutional mechanisms within schools to address conflicts comprehensively. This approach encompasses tackling issues such as abuse, program modifications, class-level mediation, fostering improved communication skills, and enhancing decision-making abilities. By doing so, we can ensure the creation and maintenance of a conducive and harmonious learning environment.